![]() To reduce or mitigate these negative impacts, or to create new ecosystem services, the following nature-based adaptations are proposed and discussed: (1) applying soft solutions complementary to hard solutions, (2) mitigating morphological and hydrodynamic changes and (3) ecologically enhancing hard coastal structures. A description is provided on the negative effects that these structures may have on morphological, hydrodynamic and ecological conditions. The purpose, functioning and local conditions for which these structures are most suitable are outlined. This research reviews the use of hard coastal structures on the foreshore (groynes, breakwaters and jetties) and onshore (seawalls and dikes). However, in some cases, local conditions hinder the use of soft solutions, meaning that hard solutions have to be adopted or, sometimes, a combination of hard and soft measures is seen as optimal. Over recent years, many coastal engineering projects have employed the use of soft solutions as these are generally less environmentally damaging than hard solutions. Keywords: Gabions, Reef Breakwaters, Artificial Reefs, Low Crested Structures, Coastal Structures, Coastal Defense, Coastal Protection. This paper is based on the experimental study conducted in the shal-low water wave flume facility in the Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras. This determination of the weight of the gabions to resist wave action is essential if gabion based structures are deployed as low crested coastal structures or reef breakwaters. ![]() The study is aimed at fetching knowledge on the determination the weight of the gabions to resist the wave action by obtaining a relation between the weight of the gabion, geometrical parameters and to that of the wave parameters. This investigation on gabion based reef breakwaters is performed using physical model tests with varying wave parameters and reef geometries. This knowledge on the hydrodynamic stability is es-sential to come out with the design basis for construction of such coastal structures in a wave environment. Though these coastal protection structures are meant for wave attenuation, a study on the stability aspects of the structure to resist wave action is essential. The present investigation involves the study of hydrodynamic stability aspects of gabion based reef breakwaters. Reef breakwaters (also called Low crested structures) are seen to cause less environmental impact which makes them popular in recent past. The coastal defense has become an essential aspect for maritime facilities and for the places prone to erosion. Gabion based coastal structures are being adopted frequently in recent times due to its energy dissipation characteristics and reduction in construction time. This paper is based on the experimental study conducted in the shallow water wave flume facility in the Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras. This determination of the weight of the gabions to resist wave action is essential if gabion-based structures are deployed as low crested coastal structures or reef breakwaters. This investigation on gabion-based reef breakwaters is performed using physical model tests with varying wave parameters and reef geometries. This knowledge on the hydrodynamic stability is essential to come out with the design basis for construction of such coastal structures in a wave environment. The present investigation involves the study of hydrodynamic stability aspects of gabion-based reef breakwaters. Gabion-based coastal structures are being adopted frequently in recent times due to its energy dissipation characteristics and reduction in construction time.
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